1	The Acts of the Apostles Lecture 4 – Hagios Pneuma
2	Words of the Day άγίον πνεύματος - hagios pneuma γλοσσα - glossa κληδών - kledon όμφή – omphe σολοικίζειν – soloikizein άποφθέγγεσθαι - apophtheggomai διαλέκτω - dialektos έκκλησία - ekklesia
3	Words of the Day άγίον 40 hagios (hag'-ee-os); from hagos (an awful thing) [compare 53, 2282]KJV-- (most) holy (one, thing), saint. Sacred word Only applied to supernatural minions of the god’s
4	Words of the Day πνεύματος 4151 pneuma (pnyoo'-mah); from 4154; a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e. (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle, mental disposition, etc., or (superhuman) an angel, demon, or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit: KJV-- ghost, life, spirit (-ual, -ually), mind. 4154 pneo (pneh'-o); a primary word; to breathe hard, i.e. breeze: KJV-- blow.
5	hagios pneuma Transliteration of Hebrew “ruwach qodesh” “ruwach qodesh” – the exhalation of God from the most holy place Holy Spirit
6	Words of the Day γλοσσα – glossa; the tongue, euphemistically a language – translated tongues/language Profane word Means understandable speech in a knowable language
7	Words of the Day κληδών – kledon; prophetic voice of an oracle Sacred word Prophetic frenzy of an oracle Not understandable by human beings—interpretable by the oracle or the interpreter Not found in NT
8	Words of the Day όμφή – omphe; prophetic voice from a god, words, language of a god Sacred word – mystery religion word Use shows direct speech from gods common part of Greek religion Words not spoken by a human/may or may not be understandable
9	Words of the Day σολοικίζειν – soloikizein; a language spoken badly or incoherently Profane word
10	Words of the Day άποφθέγγεσθαι - apophtheggomai; to enunciate plainly, i.e. declare: KJV-- say, speak forth, utterance. apo; primary particle; "off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative) phtheggomai; to utter a clear sound, i.e. (generally) to proclaim: KJV-- speak.
11	Words of the Day διαλέκτω - dialektos; (mode of) discourse, "dialect": KJV-- language, tongue Dialegomai; say thoroughly, discuss (in argument or exhortation): KJV-- dispute, preach (unto), reason (with), speak. dia; primary preposition denoting the channel of an act; through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional) lego; to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words
12	Words of the Day έκκλησία - ekklesia; a calling out, i.e. (concretely) a popular meeting: KJV-- assembly, church. Athenian Democracy One of the Greek words for assembly Each Greek region had its own assembly Athenian was only democracy In classical Greek used only for the Athenian Democracy Drives classical Greek scholars crazy!
13	Holy Spirit Acts 2:1-47 1 When the day of Pentecost came, they were all together in one place. 2 Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind <pnoe> came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. 3 They saw what seemed to be tongues <glossa> of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. 4 All of them were filled with the Holy <hagios> Spirit <pneuma> and began to speak <laleo> in other tongues <glossa> as the Spirit <pneuma> enabled <apophtheggomai (ap-of-theng'-om-ahee)> them.
14	Acts 2:1-47 5 Now there were staying in Jerusalem God-fearing Jews from every nation under heaven. 6 When they heard this sound, a crowd came together in bewilderment, because each one heard them speaking <laleo> in his own language <dialektos >. 7 Utterly amazed, they asked: "Are not all these men who are speaking Galileans? 8 Then how is it that each of us hears them in his own native language <dialektos (dee-al'-ek-tos)>? 9 Parthians, Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia,
15	Acts 2:1-47 10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome 11 (both Jews and converts to Judaism); Cretans and Arabs-- we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues <glossa>!" 12 Amazed and perplexed, they asked one another, "What does this mean?" 13 Some, however, made fun of them and said, "They have had too much wine."
16	Acts 2:1-47 14 Then Peter stood up with the Eleven, raised his voice and addressed <apophtheggomai> the crowd: "Fellow Jews and all of you who live in Jerusalem, let me explain this to you; listen carefully to what I say <rhema>. 15 These men are not drunk, as you suppose. It's only nine in the morning! 16 No, this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel:
17	Acts 2:1-47 16 No, this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel: 17 "'In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams. 18 Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy. 19 I will show wonders in the heaven above and signs on the earth below, blood and fire and billows of smoke. 20 The sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood before the coming of the great and glorious day of the Lord. 21 And everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.'
18	Acts 2:1-47 Joel 2:28-32 28 'And afterward, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions. 29 Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days. 30 I will show wonders in the heavens and on the earth, blood and fire and billows of smoke. 31 The sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD. 32 And everyone who calls on the name of the LORD will be saved; for on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be deliverance, as the LORD has said, among the survivors whom the LORD calls.
19	Acts 2:1-47 22 "Men of Israel, listen to this: Jesus of Nazareth was a man accredited by God to you by miracles, wonders and signs, which God did among you through him, as you yourselves know. 23 This man was handed over to you by God's set purpose and foreknowledge; and you, with the help of wicked men, put him to death by nailing him to the cross. 24 But God raised him from the dead, freeing him from the agony of death, because it was impossible for death to keep its hold on him. 25 David said about him: "'I saw the Lord always before me. Because he is at my right hand, I will not be shaken. 26 Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices; my body also will live in hope,
20	Acts 2:1-47 27 because you will not abandon me to the grave, nor will you let your Holy One see decay. 28 You have made known to me the paths of life; you will fill me with joy in your presence.' 29 "Brothers, I can tell you confidently that the patriarch David died and was buried, and his tomb is here to this day. 30 But he was a prophet and knew that God had promised him on oath that he would place one of his descendants on his throne. 31 Seeing what was ahead, he spoke of the resurrection of the Christ, that he was not abandoned to the grave, nor did his body see decay. 32 God has raised this Jesus to life, and we are all witnesses of the fact.
21	Acts 2:1-47 33 Exalted to the right hand of God, he has received from the Father the promised Holy Spirit and has poured out what you now see and hear. 34 For David did not ascend to heaven, and yet he said, "'The Lord said to my Lord: "Sit at my right hand 35 until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet." ' 36 "Therefore let all Israel be assured of this: God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ." 37 When the people heard this, they were cut to the heart and said to Peter and the other apostles, "Brothers, what shall we do?" They were cut to the quick because what Peter said was true! The people all knew what had happened in Jerusalem.
22	Acts 2:1-47 38 Peter replied, "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39 The promise is for you and your children and for all who are far off-- for all whom the Lord our God will call." 40 With many other words he warned them; and he pleaded with them, "Save yourselves from this corrupt generation." 41 Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to their number that day.
23	Acts 2:1-47 42 They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. 43 Everyone was filled with awe, and many wonders and miraculous signs were done by the apostles. 44 All the believers were together and had everything in common. 45 Selling their possessions and goods, they gave to anyone as he had need. 46 Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, 47 praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved.
24	Characteristics 42 They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. 47 praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved. What was the apostles’ teaching? What would curry favor of people of Jerusalem?
25	Matt 5:17-20 17 "Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. 18 I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished. 19 Anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20 For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven.
26	New Jewish Sect Teaching of Apostles’ Law of Moses Messiah – Jesus Christ “The Way” Not much different than other sects Law of Moses – missing high priest Messiah – king and high priest Pharisees, Essenes, Sadducees, Zealots
27	Temple Courts 46 Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, What do you do in the Temple courts? Synagogue Teaching Law Prayer Temple Sacrifice
28	Acts 2:1-47 42 They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. 43 Everyone was filled with awe, and many wonders and miraculous signs were done by the apostles. 44 All the believers were together and had everything in common. 45 Selling their possessions and goods, they gave to anyone as he had need. 46 Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, 47 praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved.
29	What did they do? What did they continue to do? Met in the temple courts and ate and drank What did they eat What would you eat from the temple courts? Sacrifices In the messianic age: rabbis predicted from scripture, only sacrifice required would be thanksgiving sacrifice
30	Temple Sacrifice
31	Sacrifice Why share and hold things in common? Sacrifice in temple required all 4 (3) other sacrifices first Priests would not permit thanksgiving sacrifice apart from – ascension, guilt or sin, and gift (priests) Cost was factor-sacrifice could only be accomplished at temple in Jerusalem
32	Signs Acts 3, 5:12-16, 9:32-43 Acts 3:1-26 1 One day Peter and John were going up to the temple at the time of prayer-- at three in the afternoon. 2 Now a man crippled from birth was being carried to the temple gate called Beautiful, where he was put every day to beg from those going into the temple courts. 3 When he saw Peter and John about to enter, he asked them for money. 4 Peter looked straight at him, as did John. Then Peter said, "Look at us!" 5 So the man gave them his attention, expecting to get something from them. 6 Then Peter said, "Silver or gold I do not have, but what I have I give you. In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, walk."
33	Acts 3:1-26: Healing Lame 7 Taking him by the right hand, he helped him up, and instantly the man's feet and ankles became strong. 8 He jumped to his feet and began to walk. Then he went with them into the temple courts, walking and jumping, and praising God. 9 When all the people saw him walking and praising God, 10 they recognized him as the same man who used to sit begging at the temple gate called Beautiful, and they were filled with wonder and amazement at what had happened to him. 11 While the beggar held on to Peter and John, all the people were astonished and came running to them in the place called Solomon's Colonnade. 12 When Peter saw this, he said to them: "Men of Israel, why does this surprise you? Why do you stare at us as if by our own power or godliness we had made this man walk?
34	Acts 3:1-26: Healing Lame 13 The God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified his servant Jesus. You handed him over to be killed, and you disowned him before Pilate, though he had decided to let him go. 14 You disowned the Holy and Righteous One and asked that a murderer be released to you. 15 You killed the author of life, but God raised him from the dead. We are witnesses of this. 16 By faith in the name of Jesus, this man whom you see and know was made strong. It is Jesus' name and the faith that comes through him that has given this complete healing to him, as you can all see. 17 "Now, brothers, I know that you acted in ignorance, as did your leaders. 18 But this is how God fulfilled what he had foretold through all the prophets, saying that his Christ would suffer.
35	Acts 3:1-26: Healing Lame 19 Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord, 20 and that he may send the Christ, who has been appointed for you-- even Jesus. 21 He must remain in heaven until the time comes for God to restore everything, as he promised long ago through his holy prophets. 22 For Moses said, 'The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your own people; you must listen to everything he tells you. 23 Anyone who does not listen to him will be completely cut off from among his people.'
36	Acts 3:1-26: Healing Lame 24 "Indeed, all the prophets from Samuel on, as many as have spoken, have foretold these days. 25 And you are heirs of the prophets and of the covenant God made with your fathers. He said to Abraham, 'Through your offspring all peoples on earth will be blessed.' 26 When God raised up his servant, he sent him first to you to bless you by turning each of you from your wicked ways." (NIV)
37	Signs Acts 5:12-16, 9:32-43 Acts 5:12-16 12 The apostles performed many miraculous signs and wonders among the people. And all the believers used to meet together in Solomon's Colonnade. 13 No one else dared join them, even though they were highly regarded by the people. 14 Nevertheless, more and more men and women believed in the Lord and were added to their number. 15 As a result, people brought the sick into the streets and laid them on beds and mats so that at least Peter's shadow might fall on some of them as he passed by. 16 Crowds gathered also from the towns around Jerusalem, bringing their sick and those tormented by evil spirits, and all of them were healed.
38	Signs Acts 9:32-43 Acts 9:32-43 32 As Peter traveled about the country, he went to visit the saints in Lydda. 33 There he found a man named Aeneas, a paralytic who had been bedridden for eight years. 34 "Aeneas," Peter said to him, "Jesus Christ heals you. Get up and take care of your mat." Immediately Aeneas got up. 35 All those who lived in Lydda and Sharon saw him and turned to the Lord.
39	Acts 9:32-43: Raise Dead 36 In Joppa there was a disciple named Tabitha (which, when translated, is Dorcas), who was always doing good and helping the poor. 37 About that time she became sick and died, and her body was washed and placed in an upstairs room. 38 Lydda was near Joppa; so when the disciples heard that Peter was in Lydda, they sent two men to him and urged him, "Please come at once!" 39 Peter went with them, and when he arrived he was taken upstairs to the room. All the widows stood around him, crying and showing him the robes and other clothing that Dorcas had made while she was still with them.
40	Acts 9:32-43: Raise Dead 40 Peter sent them all out of the room; then he got down on his knees and prayed. Turning toward the dead woman, he said, "Tabitha, get up." She opened her eyes, and seeing Peter she sat up. 41 He took her by the hand and helped her to her feet. Then he called the believers and the widows and presented her to them alive. 42 This became known all over Joppa, and many people believed in the Lord. 43 Peter stayed in Joppa for some time with a tanner named Simon.
41	Acts 4:1-31: Sanhedrin 1 The priests and the captain of the temple guard and the Sadducees came up to Peter and John while they were speaking to the people. Literally the priests and the Sadducees—note that before in Luke, the Pharisees are portrayed as the bad guys Temple guard are Levites, Priests are Aaronites, they are all Sadducees 2 They were greatly disturbed because the apostles were teaching the people and proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection of the dead <Sadducees’ issue>. 3 They seized Peter and John, and because it was evening, they put them in jail until the next day. 4 But many who heard the message believed, and the number of men grew to about five thousand.
42	Population of “The Way” Context of the early believers Only Jews at this point 5,000 right now and growing Add the women and the children and you are looking at thousands Populations in early cities 20,000 to 100,000 max
43	“The Way” Jerusalem’s population Herod the Great (4 bce) – 40,000 Siege of Jerusalem (66 ce) – 80,000 60-61 ce – 20,000+ People of the Way
44	Acts 4:1-31 5 The next day the rulers, elders and teachers of the law met in Jerusalem. The Sanhedrin (70) leaders of Jewish people Rulers – priests, Levites, Sadducees Elders – Unknown who specifically, likely the leaders of the Synagogues – mostly Pharisees Teachers of the law – Rabbis – mostly all Pharisees (we will see there were 3)
45	Acts 4:1-31 6 Annas the high priest was there, and so were Caiaphas, John, Alexander and the other men of the high priest's family. Here are the main men of Jerusalem – leaders of the Jewish people 7 They had Peter and John brought before them and began to question them: "By what power or what name did you do this?"
46	Acts 4:1-31 8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them: "Rulers and elders of the people! 9 If we are being called to account today for an act of kindness shown to a cripple and are asked how he was healed, 10 then know this, you and all the people of Israel: It is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the dead, that this man stands before you healed.
47	Acts 4:1-31 11 He is "'the stone you builders rejected, which has become the capstone.' Capstone comments from Psalms Ps 118:21-29 21 I will give you thanks, for you answered me; you have become my salvation. 22 The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone; 23 the LORD has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes. Not cornerstone—it is capstone
48	Acts 4:1-31 12 Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men by which we must be saved." These are the words of the Hallel High Priest waits for the response of the Messiah during Shukkot (Festival of Booths) Note Capstone and Hallel context Ps 118
49	Ps 118:24-29 24 This is the day the LORD has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it. 25 O LORD, save us; O LORD, grant us success. 26 Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD <Yahway>. <pause for the Messiah to reveal himself Jesus did this in John> From the house of the LORD we bless you.
50	John 7:37-53 37 On the last and greatest day of the Feast, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, "If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink. 38 Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, streams of living water will flow from within him." 39 By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were later to receive. Up to that time the Spirit had not been given, since Jesus had not yet been glorified. 40 On hearing his words, some of the people said, "Surely this man is the Prophet." 41 Others said, "He is the Christ." Still others asked, "How can the Christ come from Galilee? 42 Does not the Scripture say that the Christ will come from David's family and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived?“ 43 Thus the people were divided because of Jesus. 44 Some wanted to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him.
51	John 7:37-53 45 Finally the temple guards went back to the chief priests and Pharisees, who asked them, "Why didn't you bring him in?" 46 "No one ever spoke the way this man does," the guards declared. 47 "You mean he has deceived you also?" the Pharisees retorted. 48 "Has any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed in him? 49 No! But this mob that knows nothing of the law-- there is a curse on them." 50 Nicodemus, who had gone to Jesus earlier and who was one of their own number, asked, 51 "Does our law condemn anyone without first hearing him to find out what he is doing?" 52 They replied, "Are you from Galilee, too? Look into it, and you will find that a prophet does not come out of Galilee." 53 Then each went to his own home.
52	Ps 118:24-29 27 The LORD is God, and he has made his light shine upon us. With boughs in hand, join in the festal procession up to the horns of the altar. 28 You are my God, and I will give you thanks; you are my God, and I will exalt you. 29 Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; his love endures forever.
53	Acts 4:1-31 13 When they saw the courage of Peter and John and realized that they were unschooled, ordinary men <not trained in the rabbinic tradition, not trained as a Sadducee or a Pharisee>, they were astonished and they took note that these men had been with Jesus. 14 But since they could see the man who had been healed standing there with them, there was nothing they could say. 15 So they ordered them to withdraw from the Sanhedrin and then conferred together.
54	Acts 4:1-31 16 "What are we going to do with these men?" they asked. "Everybody living in Jerusalem knows they have done an outstanding miracle, and we cannot deny it. 17 But to stop this thing from spreading any further among the people, we must warn these men to speak no longer to anyone in this name." 18 Then they called them in again and commanded them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus.
55	Acts 4:1-31 19 But Peter and John replied, "Judge for yourselves whether it is right in God's sight to obey you rather than God. 20 For we cannot help speaking about what we have seen and heard." 21 After further threats they let them go. They could not decide how to punish them, because all the people were praising God for what had happened. 22 For the man who was miraculously healed was over forty years old.
56	Acts 4:1-31 23 On their release, Peter and John went back to their own people and reported all that the chief priests and elders had said to them. 24 When they heard this, they raised their voices together in prayer to God. "Sovereign Lord," they said, "you made the heaven and the earth and the sea, and everything in them. 25 You spoke by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of your servant, our father David: "'Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain?
57	Acts 4:1-31 26 The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together against the Lord and against his Anointed One.' 27 Indeed Herod and Pontius Pilate met together with the Gentiles and the people of Israel in this city to conspire against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed. 28 They did what your power and will had decided beforehand should happen. 29 Now, Lord, consider their threats and enable your servants to speak your word with great boldness.
58	Acts 4:1-31 30 Stretch out your hand to heal and perform miraculous signs and wonders through the name of your holy servant Jesus." 31 After they prayed, the place where they were meeting was shaken. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and spoke the word of God boldly.
59	Acts 5:15-42 15 As a result, people brought the sick into the streets and laid them on beds and mats so that at least Peter's shadow might fall on some of them as he passed by. 16 Crowds gathered also from the towns around Jerusalem, bringing their sick and those tormented by evil spirits, and all of them were healed. 17 Then the high priest and all his associates, who were members of the party of the Sadducees, were filled with jealousy. 18 They arrested the apostles and put them in the public jail.
60	Incarceration in Ancient World Common criminals not incarcerated Political criminals Religious criminals People only incarcerated prior to determining guilt or innocence Concept of “innocent until proven guilty” is an American idea—it is not and was not shared by the rest of the world
61	Incarceration in Ancient World Incarceration meant you were being held without guilt being pronounced When guilt is pronounced punishment is accomplished Concept of Shari Law Concept of Mosaic Law Concept of almost every code of law until the modern era
62	Incarceration in Ancient World Modern concept of incarceration invented by Quakers Quaker’s problem was perception of cruelty of Puritan’s legal system Stocks left criminals exposed to the elements and to their fellow citizens
63	Incarceration in Ancient World Quakers instituted the incarceration of people with poor results, but this is the modern method of handling crime Incarceration generally occurred until you paid off your crime—usually theft Big crime, like murder never handled with incarceration—you got death.
64	Acts 5:15-42 19 But during the night an angel of the Lord opened the doors of the jail and brought them out. 20 "Go, stand in the temple courts," he said, "and tell the people the full message of this new life." 21 At daybreak they entered the temple courts, as they had been told, and began to teach the people. When the high priest and his associates arrived, they called together the Sanhedrin-- the full assembly of the elders of Israel-- and sent to the jail for the apostles.
65	Acts 5:15-42 22 But on arriving at the jail, the officers did not find them there. So they went back and reported, 23 "We found the jail securely locked, with the guards standing at the doors; but when we opened them, we found no one inside." 24 On hearing this report, the captain of the temple guard and the chief priests were puzzled, wondering what would come of this. 25 Then someone came and said, "Look! The men you put in jail are standing in the temple courts teaching the people."
66	Acts 5:15-42 26 At that, the captain went with his officers and brought the apostles. They did not use force, because they feared that the people would stone them. 27 Having brought the apostles, they made them appear before the Sanhedrin to be questioned by the high priest. At the time of Herod Agrippa all but 3 of the 70 members of the Sanhedrin were Sadducees Sadducee reasons for suppressing the Gospel 1. Proclaimed the resurrection 2. Proclaimed King Jesus
67	Acts 5:15-42 28 "We gave you strict orders not to teach in this name," he said. "Yet you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching and are determined to make us guilty of this man's blood." Many Orthodox Jews today don’t speak the names: Yeshua, Jesus, or Yeshu they simply refer to Jesus as “that man”—this in itself is a historical proof of the exactness of the quote
68	Acts 5:15-42 29 Peter and the other apostles replied: "We must obey God rather than men! 30 The God of our fathers raised Jesus from the dead-- whom you had killed by hanging him on a tree. 31 God exalted him to his own right hand as Prince and Savior that he might give repentance and forgiveness of sins to Israel. 32 We are witnesses of these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey him."
69	Acts 5:15-42 33 When they heard this, they were furious and wanted to put them to death. 34 But a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, who was honored by all the people, stood up in the Sanhedrin and ordered that the men be put outside for a little while. Rabban Gamli’el – first to have the title “Rabban” <our master, our great one> instead of Rabbi <my master, my great one>. Grandson of Hillel. Head of the Beit-Hillel school, the Jerusalem school of Pharisees. Considered the greatest Rabbi of his age.
70	Acts 5:15-42 35 Then he addressed them: "Men of Israel, consider carefully what you intend to do to these men. 36 Some time ago Theudas appeared, claiming to be somebody, and about four hundred men rallied to him. He was killed, all his followers were dispersed, and it all came to nothing. Likely the Todah of Josephus This Todah is unknown in other historical sources, led one of the uprisings following the death of Herod the Great in 4 BC.
71	Acts 5:15-42 37 After him, Judas the Galilean appeared in the days of the census and led a band of people in revolt. He too was killed, and all his followers were scattered. According to Josephus, Judas of Gamla on the Golan Heights led a revolt in 6 AD at the enrollment for the Roman tax and was the beginning of the Zealots which resulted in the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD
72	Acts 5:15-42 38 Therefore, in the present case I advise you: Leave these men alone! Let them go! For if their purpose or activity is of human origin, it will fail. 39 But if it is from God, you will not be able to stop these men; you will only find yourselves fighting against God." 40 His speech persuaded them. They called the apostles in and had them flogged. Then they ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus, and let them go.
73	Acts 5:15-42 41 The apostles left the Sanhedrin, rejoicing because they had been counted worthy of suffering disgrace for the Name. 42 Day after day, in the temple courts and from house to house, they never stopped teaching and proclaiming the good news that Jesus is the Christ.
74	Acts 6:1-7 1 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Grecian Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food <Temple sacrifices>. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, "It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them
75	Choosing vs. Lots Lots (Urim and Thumin) used prior to HS to choose replacement disciple Not mentioned here Use of vote (choose) – ekklesia Use of lots? Prior to HS - use of lots After HS rely on vote (choice)
76	Acts 6:1-7 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word." 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism <needed converts who could sacrifice>. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.
77	Acts 6:8-7:60 8 Now Stephen, a man full of God's grace and power, did great wonders and miraculous signs among the people. 9 Opposition arose, however, from members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen (as it was called)-- Jews of Cyrene and Alexandria as well as the provinces of Cilicia and Asia. These men began to argue with Stephen, 10 but they could not stand up against his wisdom or the Spirit by whom he spoke.
78	Acts 6:8-7:60 11 Then they secretly persuaded some men to say, "We have heard Stephen speak words of blasphemy against Moses and against God." 12 So they stirred up the people and the elders and the teachers of the law. They seized Stephen and brought him before the Sanhedrin. 13 They produced false witnesses, who testified, "This fellow never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law. 14 For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs Moses handed down to us."
79	Acts 6:8-7:60 15 All who were sitting in the Sanhedrin looked intently at Stephen, and they saw that his face was like the face of an angel. 1 Then the high priest asked him, "Are these charges true?" 2 To this he replied: "Brothers and fathers, listen to me! The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he was still in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran. 3 'Leave your country and your people,' God said, 'and go to the land I will show you.'
80	Acts 6:8-7:60 9 "Because the patriarchs were jealous of Joseph, they sold him as a slave into Egypt. But God was with him 19 He dealt treacherously with our people and oppressed our forefathers by forcing them to throw out their newborn babies so that they would die. 25 Moses thought that his own people would realize that God was using him to rescue them, but they did not.
81	Acts 6:8-7:60 26 The next day Moses came upon two Israelites who were fighting. He tried to reconcile them by saying, 'Men, you are brothers; why do you want to hurt each other?' 27 "But the man who was mistreating the other pushed Moses aside and said, 'Who made you ruler and judge over us? 35 "This is the same Moses whom they had rejected with the words, 'Who made you ruler and judge?' He was sent to be their ruler and deliverer by God himself, through the angel who appeared to him in the bush.
82	Acts 6:8-7:60 37 "This is that Moses who told the Israelites, 'God will send you a prophet like me from your own people.' 38 He was in the assembly <ekklesia> in the desert, with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers; and he received living words to pass on to us. 39 "But our fathers refused to obey him. Instead, they rejected him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt.
83	Acts 6:8-7:60 40 They told Aaron, 'Make us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who led us out of Egypt-- we don't know what has happened to him!' 41 That was the time they made an idol in the form of a calf. They brought sacrifices to it and held a celebration in honor of what their hands had made. 42 But God turned away and gave them over to the worship of the heavenly bodies. This agrees with what is written in the book of the prophets: "'Did you bring me sacrifices and offerings forty years in the desert, O house of Israel?
84	Acts 6:8-7:60 43 You have lifted up the shrine of Molech and the star of your god Rephan, the idols you made to worship. Therefore I will send you into exile' beyond Babylon. 44 "Our forefathers had the tabernacle of the Testimony with them in the desert. It had been made as God directed Moses, according to the pattern he had seen. 45 Having received the tabernacle, our fathers under Joshua brought it with them when they took the land from the nations God drove out before them. It remained in the land until the time of David,
85	Acts 6:8-7:60 46 who enjoyed God's favor and asked that he might provide a dwelling place for the God of Jacob. 47 But it was Solomon who built the house for him. 48 "However, the Most High does not live in houses made by men. As the prophet says: 49 "'Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. What kind of house will you build for me? says the Lord. Or where will my resting place be? 50 Has not my hand made all these things?'
86	Acts 6:8-7:60 51 "You stiff-necked people, with uncircumcised hearts and ears! You are just like your fathers: You always resist the Holy Spirit! 52 Was there ever a prophet your fathers did not persecute? They even killed those who predicted the coming of the Righteous One. And now you have betrayed and murdered him-- 53 you who have received the law that was put into effect through angels but have not obeyed it."
87	Acts 6:8-7:60 54 When they heard this, they were furious and gnashed their teeth at him. 55 But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. 56 "Look," he said, "I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God." 57 At this they covered their ears and, yelling at the top of their voices, they all rushed at him,
88	Acts 6:8-7:60 58 dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile, the witnesses laid their clothes at the feet of a young man named Saul. 59 While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit." 60 Then he fell on his knees and cried out, "Lord, do not hold this sin against them." When he had said this, he fell asleep.
89	Stephen Could not be released Freedman - likely Convert – likely Greek Jew Not a Roman Citizen Attacked every Jewish hot button Peter and John Comparison
90	Conclusion Stephen Treated much different than John and Peter Reason for first documented movement out of Jerusalem Reason for Saul’s future actions First documented persecution of people of “The Way”
91	Next Time Gentiles Acts 6:1-7, 10:1-48, 15:1-35 The people of “the Way” Christians